Nmap steht für „Network Mapper“ und wird vornehmlich für die Netzwerkerkennung und Sicherheitsüberwachung verwendet. Ich finde es auch nützlich für Aufgaben wie Netzwerkinventarisierung, Verwalten von Service-Upgrade-Zeitplänen SNMP discovery und Überwachen der Host- oder Service-Verfügbarkeiten.
Nicht vergessen: nmap unter Linux immer mit root Rechten ausführen.
Installation
Ubuntu
sudo apt install -y nmapWindows
https://nmap.org/book/inst-windows.html
Port scanning
Schneller scan
nmap -Pn stackoverflow.comGesamter TCP Port Scan inclusive Service/Version (-sV) Erkennung
nmap -p 1-65535 -Pn -sV -sS -T4 stackoverflow.comScanen eines bestimmten Ports
nmap -Pn -p 22,80,443 stackoverflow.comFinde Linux Geräte in einem localen Netzwerk (anhand dem offenen ssh Port)
nmap -p 22 --open -sV 10.0.0.0/24Trace traffic
Nachverfolgung eines Verkehrs auf einem bestimmten Port.
nmap --traceroute -p 80 stackoverflow.comNachverfolgung inclusive auflösung der Geolocation
nmap --traceroute --script traceroute-geolocation.nse -p 80 stackoverflow.comSSL Server Zertifikat
Anzeigen des SSL Zertifikats
nmap --script ssl-cert -p 443 -Pn stackoverflow.comAnzeigen der verwendeten Verschlüsselungsalgorithmen
nmap --script ssl-enum-ciphers -p 443 stackoverflow.comBrute Force
„FTP“ Brute Force
nmap --script ftp-brute --script-args userdb=users.txt,passdb=passwords.txt -p 21 -Pn stackoverflow.com„HTTP Basic Authentication“ – Brute force
nmap --script http-brute -script-args http-brute.path=/evifile-bb-demo,userdb=users.txt,passdb=passwords.txt -p 80 -Pn stackoverflow.com„WordPress“ Bruteforce
nmap -sV --script http-wordpress-brute --script-args userdb=users.txt,passdb=passwords.txt,http-wordpress-brute.hostname=stackoverflow.com,http-wordpress-brute.threads=10 -p 80 stackoverflow.comAttacks
Schwachstellen im sicheren Modus finden
nmap --script default,safe -Pn stackoverflow.comSchwachstellen im unsicheren Modus finden
nmap --script vuln -Pn stackoverflow.comDDos Attacke ausführen
nmap --script dos -Pn stackoverflow.comErkannte Sicherheitslücken ausnutzen
nmap --script exploit -Pn stackoverflow.comInteressante Infos auf anderen Seiten
Eine gut ausgearbeitete Liste von NMAP NSE Scripts gibt es hier:
https://www.infosecmatter.com/ultimate-list-of-nmap-nse-scripts-interactive-table/
Alle Parameter
Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
-iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
-iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
--exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
--excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
-sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
-sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan
-Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
--dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
--system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
--traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
-sU: UDP Scan
-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
--scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
-sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
-sO: IP protocol scan
-b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
-p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
--exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning
-F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan
-r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
--top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
--port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
--version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
--version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
--version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
--version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
-sC: equivalent to --script=default
--script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
directories, script-files or script-categories
--script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
--script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
--script-trace: Show all data sent and received
--script-updatedb: Update the script database.
--script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
<Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or
script-categories.
OS DETECTION:
-O: Enable OS detection
--osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
--osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),
's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
-T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
--min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
--min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
--min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
probe round trip time.
--max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
--host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
--scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
--min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
--max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
-f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
-D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
-S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
-e <iface>: Use specified interface
-g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
--proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
--data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets
--data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets
--data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
--ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
--ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
--spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
--badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
-oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
-v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
-d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
--reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
--open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
--packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
--iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
--append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
--resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
--stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
--webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
--no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
-6: Enable IPv6 scanning
-A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
--datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
--send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
--privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
--unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
-V: Print version number
-h: Print this help summary page.